The religious identities of the people of Paraguay, or Religion in Paraguay for short, have since national independence been oriented towards the Christian faith, and specifically the Roman Catholic Church. In the most recent census (2002), Paraguayans of all ages 10 and older had their religious identities enumerated, and 89.6% were classified as Catholics.
Self-identification of Paraguayans with no established religion is quite low by worldwide standards, with only 1.14% of respondents enumerated as possessing no religious identity.
After centuries of Christian missionary activity, identification with the traditional indigenous faiths of the Paraguay region is even less, with 0.61% of respondents enumerated as possessing an indigenous religious identity.
As compared with other nations of the Western Hemisphere, immigration to Paraguay has been very low in recent decades and very few Paraguayans identify with the non-Christian faiths founded in the Eastern Hemiphere. For example, in the 2002 enumeration only 0.02% of the Paraguayans counted called themselves Muslims.
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According to article 24 of the Paraguayan Constitution of 1992, freedom of religion is recognised and there is no official religion. Relations between the State and the Catholic Church are to be based on independence, co-operation and autonomy. The independence of religious organisations is guaranteed.[1]
As can be seen below, the majority of Paraguayans are Roman Catholic, although the percentage of Paraguayans who identify themselves as Catholic has dropped slightly. There has been a corresponding growth in the influence of Evangelical churches in recent years. There are a number of Indigenous religions and there are also Buddhist (probably due to immigration from Korea), Jewish and Muslim communities in the country.
The 2002 census counted 5,163,198 people in Paraguay but the question about religion was meant only for those aged 10 or older, namely 3,892,603 persons.
| Religion | Number of followers 2002 | Percentage 2002 | Number of followers 1992 | Percentage 1992 | Change 1992-2002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catholicism | 3,488,086 | 89.61% | 2,749,888 | 93.25% | -3.64% |
| Indigenous & Catholic | 223 | 0.01 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Orthodox | 25 | <0.00% | N/A | N\A | N/A |
| Russian (Orthodox) | 470 | 0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Other Orthodox | 950 | 0.02% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Anglicanism | 1,858 | 0.05% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Indigenous & Anglican | 29 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Lutheran | 8,849 | 0.23% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Presbyterian | 276 | 0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Mennonites | 8,445 | 0.22% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Indigenous & Mennonite | 8 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Traditional Christianity* (excl. Catholicism) | 21,133 | 0.54% | 14,497 | 0.49% | +0.05% |
| Christian and Missionary Alliance | 87 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Assemblies of God | 9,879 | 0.25% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Maranatha Baptist Church | 10,355 | 0.27% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Centro familiar de adoración aposent. | 513 | 0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Comunidad Cristiana | 1,046 | 0.03% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Plymouth Brethren - Open Brothers | 665 | 0.02% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Independent | 7 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Church of God (Pentecostal) | 1,550 | 0.04% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Church of God of Prophecy (Pentecostal) | 149 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Methodists | 451 | 0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Free Methodists | 156 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Church of the Nazarene | 86 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Neotestamentaria (Baptist) | 276 | 0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Pentecostal | 8,631 | 0.22% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Other Evangelical | 186,107 | 4.78% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Seventh Day Adventist | 7,804 | 0.20% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Dios es Amor (Pentecostal) | 1,290 | 0.03% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Universal Church of the Kingdom of God | 714 | 0.02% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Unification Church | 116 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons) | 9,374 | 0.24% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Pueblo de Dios | 12,114 | 0.31% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Jehovah's Witnesses | 11,805 | 0.30% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Mount Zion Church | 233 | 0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Other pseudo-Christian groups | 825 | 0.02% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Post-16th-Century Christian demoninations** | 264,233 | 6.78% | 138,573 | 4.70% | +2.08% |
| Judaism | 1,100 | 0.03% | 952 | 0.03% | - |
| Islam | 872 | 0.02% | 1,200 | 0.04% | -0.02% |
| Hinduism (Tao) | 151 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Buddhism | 2,088 | 0.05% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Reyukai | 72 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Shintoism | 30 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Bahá'í Faith | 225[3] | 0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| "Eastern and Cultural Religions" (excl Islam)*** | 2566 | 0.07% | 2,811 | 0.10% | -0.03% |
| Rosacrucis | 7 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Spiritualists - E.C.Basilio | 289 | 0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Umbanda | 54 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Other, Spiritualist | 66 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Mentalism | 164 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Indigenous Religions | 23,741 | 0.61 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Religions not included above | 1,208 | 0.03% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Unspecified other religion | 6,139 | 0.16% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Religion not previously mentioned in 1992 Census**** | 31,668 | 0.81% | 8,152 | 0.28% | +0.53% |
| No religion | 44,334 | 1.14% | 23,236 | 0.78% | +0.36% |
| No response | 37,206 | 0.96% | 9,790 | 0.33% | +0.63% |
| Total no. of participants | 3,892,603 | 100% | 2,949,099 | 100% | - |
NB:
Main article Roman Catholicism in Paraguay
Catholicism has long been the most important religion in Paraguay, the Bishopric of Asunción was created in 1547[4]. The majority of government officials are Catholics and a number of Catholic festivals are public holidays (Holy Thursday, Good Friday, Feast of The Assumption of the Virgen Mary [15 August], Feast of The Immaculate Conception [8 December] and Christmas[5].
Many people mark the Feast of the Immaculate Conception with a pilgrimage to Caacupé . The Basilica of Caccupe contains a statuette of Our Lady of the Miracles. Pope John Paul II visited Caacupe in 1987.
The Church maintains the Universidad Católica "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción".
The Bahá'í Faith in Paraguay begins after `Abdu'l-Bahá, then head of the religion, mentioned the country in 1916.[6] Paraguayan Maria Casati was the first to join the religion in 1939 when living in Buenos Aires.[7] The first pioneer to settle in Paraguay was Elizabeth Cheney late in 1940[8] and the first Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assembly of Asunción was elected in 1944.[8][9] By 1961 Paraguayan Bahá'ís had elected the first National Spiritual Assembly and by 1963 there were 3 local assemblies plus other communities.[10] Recent estimates of Bahá'ís mention 5500[11] or 13000[12] though the state Census doesn't mention the Bahá'ís.[13]
The first synagogue in Paraguay was established in 1917 by Sephardic Jews who had emigrated from Palestine, Turkey and Greece; though there had previously been some isolated Jewish settlers from Europe.[14]
Ashkenazi Jews from the Ukraine and Poland founded the Unión Hebraica in the 1920s, while in the 1930s between 15,000 and 20,000 refugees from Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia fled to Paraguay to escape the holocaust. Many of these later moved on to Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. Those who remained were later joined by immigrants who were mostly survivors of the concentration camps.[14]
Today, the Jewish community has around a 1000 members who live mainly in Asunción. There is a Jewish school Escuela Integral Estado de Israel. Asunción has three synagogues: Ashkenazi, Sephardi and Chabad and a Jewish museum.[14]
Main article Islam in Paraguay
The 1992 census recorded 872 Muslims in Paraguay 486 of which were in the Alto Parana department, the capital of which is Ciudad del Este. There are also communities in Asunción and Itapua (the capital fo which is Encarnación)[15]. As in other parts of Latin America, many of these are descended from immigrants from Syria and Lebanon, though some may also be from Bangladesh and Pakistan[16]
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints claims more than 70,000 members in Paraguay.[17] 147 congregations of the Church meet in Paraguay.[18]
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